Understanding Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Prevention, and Myths

Understanding Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Prevention, and Myths

13 January 2025
Posted By Dr. Aditi Aggarwal
Understanding Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Prevention, and Myths

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. Despite medical advancements, misinformation and lack of awareness continue to be major hurdles. This blog will help you understand what cervical cancer is, its symptoms, prevention methods, detection techniques, and treatment options. We'll also bust some common myths about this disease. If you have any concerns, Dr. Aditi Aggarwal, a leading Radiation Oncology specialist with 14+ years of experience, is here to guide you.

What Is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer originates in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is mainly caused by persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus. While most HPV infections resolve on their own, some high-risk strains can lead to abnormal cell growth, eventually developing into cancer if left untreated.

Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

In its early stages, cervical cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, you might experience:

  • Unusual vaginal bleeding (between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause)
  • Persistent pelvic pain or discomfort during sex
  • Abnormal vaginal discharge (foul-smelling, watery, or bloody)
  • Pain during urination or increased frequency
  • Leg swelling or pain in advanced cases

If you notice any of these signs, consult a doctor immediately. Early detection saves lives.

How to Prevent Cervical Cancer

Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing cervical cancer risk. Here are some key preventive measures:

  1. HPV Vaccination

The HPV vaccine protects against the high-risk strains of HPV responsible for cervical cancer. It is most effective when given before exposure to the virus, ideally in adolescence (between ages 9-26). However, adults can also benefit from vaccination.

  1. Regular Screening (Pap Smear & HPV Test)

A Pap smear test detects abnormal cervical cells before they become cancerous. Women should start screening from age 21 and continue every 3-5 years, depending on medical advice.

  1. Safe Sexual Practices

Using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners reduces the risk of HPV transmission.

  1. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

A strong immune system can combat HPV infections. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can help lower your risk.

Does the Cervical Cancer Vaccine Work?

Yes, the HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing cervical cancer when administered before exposure to HPV. Clinical studies show that vaccinated individuals have a significantly lower risk of developing cervical cancer compared to unvaccinated individuals. The vaccine does not cure existing HPV infections but prevents future infections.

How to Detect Cervical Cancer at Home

While there is no at-home test for cervical cancer, you can monitor your body for warning signs like unusual bleeding, persistent pain, and abnormal discharge. However, self-examination is not a substitute for medical tests. If you suspect any symptoms, visit a healthcare provider for proper screening.

Can Men Get Cervical Cancer?

Men do not have a cervix, so they cannot get cervical cancer. However, men can be carriers of HPV and transmit it to their partners. Some HPV strains can cause other cancers in men, such as penile, anal, and throat cancers, making HPV vaccination beneficial for both sexes.

How Do You Treat Cervical Cancer?

Treatment depends on the stage of cervical cancer and the patient’s overall health. Common treatment options include:

  • Surgery – Removal of cancerous tissue or, in severe cases, the uterus (hysterectomy)
  • Radiation therapy – Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells
  • Chemotherapy – Uses drugs to target and kill cancer cells
  • Targeted therapy & Immunotherapy – Advanced treatments for cases where other options are ineffective

Dr. Aditi Aggarwal, a renowned expert in Radiation Oncology, has successfully treated numerous cervical cancer patients. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to her.

Busting Common Myths About Cervical Cancer

Myth 1: Can You Get Pregnant with Cervical Cancer?

Fact: Early-stage cervical cancer does not always prevent pregnancy. However, treatments like hysterectomy or radiation therapy can affect fertility. If you’re diagnosed and wish to conceive, discuss fertility preservation options with your doctor.

Myth 2: Can Masturbation Cause Cervical Cancer?

Fact: There is no scientific evidence linking masturbation to cervical cancer. The primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent HPV infection, not personal habits.

Myth 3: Can Ultrasound Detect Cervical Cancer?

Fact: While ultrasounds can detect abnormalities in reproductive organs, they cannot diagnose cervical cancer. A Pap smear and HPV test remain the gold standard for early detection.

Myth 4: Can Cervical Cancer Spread to Another Person?

Fact: Cervical cancer itself is not contagious, but the HPV virus, which causes it, can be transmitted sexually. Safe practices can help prevent infection.

Myth 5: Can You Get the Cervical Cancer Vaccine If You’re Sexually Active?

Fact: Yes, you can still get vaccinated even if you’re sexually active. The vaccine is most effective before HPV exposure, but it can still provide protection against certain strains you may not have encountered yet.

Final Thoughts

Cervical cancer is largely preventable and treatable if detected early. By staying informed, getting vaccinated, and undergoing regular screenings, you can reduce your risk. If you have any concerns or need expert guidance, Dr. Aditi Aggarwal is here to help. With 13+ years of expertise in Radiation Oncology, she can address all your queries and provide personalized medical advice.

For expert consultation, visit:Comprehensive Oncology

Frequently Asked Questions:

Dr. Aditi Aggarwal has worked in radiation oncology for ten years, treating patients with thoracic cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, bone and soft tissue cancer, gynecological cancer, breast cancer, and neurological cancers.

As a medical doctor, Dr. Aditi Aggarwal holds an MBBS degree from Lady Hardinge Medical College Delhi, a MD degree in radiation oncology from VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital Delhi, as well as a post-doctoral diploma in cancer research from Catalyst Clinical Sciences in Pune.

Cancer is usually classified into four stages, with stage 0 being the earliest stage and stage IV being the most advanced. The stage of a cancer is an important factor in determining the prognosis and the best treatment options. Here's a brief overview of the different stages of cancer:

Stage 0: This is the earliest stage of cancer, and it refers to cancer that is still in its original place and has not spread to other parts of the body. It is also known as carcinoma in situ.

Stage I: This stage means that the cancer is still small and has not spread to other parts of the body. It may be treatable with surgery or other local treatments.

Stage II: At this stage, the cancer is larger and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes. It may be treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy, or other systemic treatments such as chemotherapy.

Stage III: This stage means that the cancer has spread to nearby tissues or organs and/or to distant lymph nodes. Treatment may involve a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and/or systemic treatments such as chemotherapy.

Stage IV: This is the most advanced stage of cancer, and it means that the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, bones, or brain. Treatment at this stage is typically palliative, meaning that it aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life, rather than cure the cancer.

It's important to note that the staging of cancer can vary between different types of cancer and different systems used to classify the stages. Your healthcare provider can give you more information specific to your situation.

There is no single vaccine that can prevent or cure all types of cancer. However, some vaccines can help prevent certain viral infections that can increase the risk of certain cancers, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which can help prevent HPV-related cancers such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, and anal cancer.

Additionally, some cancers can be treated with a type of immunotherapy called cancer vaccines, which help stimulate the body's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. These vaccines are still in the experimental stage and are only available through clinical trials.

However, there are many things you can do to reduce your risk of developing cancer, such as eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco products, and getting regular cancer screenings. Your healthcare provider can give you more information on how to reduce your risk of cancer.

The symptoms of cancer can vary depending on the type and part of the body of cancer, as well as its stage. Some common symptoms of cancer include:

  • Fatigue
  • Pain that does not go away
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Skin changes, such as yellowing or darkening
  • Changes in bowel or bladder habits
  • Persistent coughing or trouble breathing
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Persistent hoarseness or sore throat
  • Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as bloating or abdominal pain
  • Menstrual changes in women
  • Persistent skin changes, such as yellowing or darkening
  • Changes in a wart or mole
  • Persistent headaches
  • Persistent bone or joint pain
  • Persistent fatigue or weakness
  • Persistent nausea or vomiting

It's important to keep in mind that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, and not all of them are present in all cases of cancer. If you are experiencing any symptoms that are new or persist for a long time, it's important to talk to your healthcare provider to determine the cause and get appropriate medical attention. Early detection and treatment of cancer can often lead to better outcomes.

Through us, you can schedule a Dr. Aditi Aggarwal priority appointment. Request a callback or dial 7982047515 to reach us.